The United States and China

The United States and China com- menced a trade war 2 years before the beginning of the COVID-19 global pandemic, and competitive trade tensions show no signs of abating.30 China also faces a new challenge. Beginning in 2022, the United States has led other Western countries in establishing export restrictions on key technologies like advanced semiconductors and their fabrication precursors. These restrictions sanction development of a vital component for technological innovation and economic development in the highest value areas of modern economies such as 5G ufabet